The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. Cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women or people with suppressed immune systems. The classic presentation of fever and muscle pains, followed by swollen glands, with lesions all at the same stage, has not been found to be common to all outbreaks. There may be mild symptoms, and it may occur without any symptoms being known.
The duration of symptoms is typically two to four weeks. The time from exposure to onset of symptoms ranges from five to twenty-one days. Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over. Monkeypox is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and some other animals. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has emphasized the importance of reducing stigma in communicating about the demographic aspects of monkeypox, specifically with regards to gay and bisexual men. On 28 July, the WHO Director-General advised MSM to limit exposure by reducing the number of sexual partners, reconsidering sex with new partners, and maintaining contact details to allow for epidemiological follow-up. While anyone can get monkeypox, to date the majority of confirmed cases outside of the endemic regions in Africa occurred in young or middle-aged men who have sex with men (MSM) who had recent sexual contact with new or multiple partners. Given the unexpected and vast geographical spread of the disease, the actual number of cases is likely to be underestimated. The disease can spread through direct contact with rashes, or body fluids from an infected person, by touching objects and fabrics that have been used by someone with monkeypox or through respiratory secretions. Monkeypox spreads through close, personal, often skin-to-skin contact. Cases in children and immunocompromised people are more likely to be severe. In infections before the current outbreak, 1–3 percent of people with known infections have died (without treatment). While monkeypox can cause large numbers of lesions, in the current outbreak, some patients experience only a single lesion in the mouth or on the genitals, making it more difficult to differentiate from other infections. Monkeypox is a viral infection that manifests a week or two after exposure with fever and other non-specific symptoms, and then produces a rash with lesions that usually last for 2–4 weeks before drying up, crusting and falling off. As of 27 September, there had been a total of 66,471 confirmed cases in over 107 countries. On 23 July, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The outbreak marks the first time monkeypox has spread widely outside Central and West Africa. From 18 May onwards, cases were reported from an increasing number of countries and regions, predominantly in Europe but also in North and South America, in Asia, in Africa, and in Oceania. All four cases appeared to have been infected in London and involved homosexuals ( MSM). On 16 May, the UK Health Security Agency ( UKHSA) confirmed 4 new cases with no link to travel to a country where monkeypox is endemic. The initial cluster of cases was found in the United Kingdom, where the first case was detected in London on 6 May 2022 in a patient with a recent travel history from Nigeria (where the disease is endemic). ‡ Suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain, although some other strains may have been ruled out.Īn ongoing outbreak of monkeypox, a viral disease, was confirmed in May 2022.
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